Muslim Invasion To India – Free Indian History Notes

THE GHAZNAVIS

➮ Alpatgin established an independent kingdom with its capital at Ghazni.
➮ Mahmud ascended the throne (998-1030) at Ghazni.
➮ Firdausi was the poet laureate at the court of Mahmud.
➮ Firdausi wrote ‘Shah Namah’.
➮ Mahmud is said to have made 17 raids into India.
➮ In 1001 Jayapala, the Hindushahi, ruler was defeated.
➮ After the battle, Punjab passed into the hands of Ghaznavis.
➮ Mahmud invaded Kannauj in 1018 and Somnath in 1025 A.D.
➮ Mahmud died at Ghazni in 1030 A.D.

THE TURKISH CONQUEST

➮ The Ghurid Empire rose into prominence in North-West Afghanistan.
➮ The Ghurids had started as vassals of Ghazni but had soon thrown off its yoke.
➮ In 1173, Shahabuddin Muhammad (Muhammad Ghori) ascended the throne at Ghazni.
➮ By 1190, Muhammad Ghori had conquered Peshawar, Lahore, and Sialkot.
➮ In India, Chauhans had captured Delhi from the Tomars.
➮ Conflict between Muhammad Ghori and Prithviraj Chauhan started with rival claims for Tabarhinda (Bhatinda)
➮ The First Battle of Tarain was fought in 1191 A.D.
➮ In this battle the Ghori forces were completely routed.
Muhammad Ghori’s life was saved by a young Khalji horseman.
➮ The Second battle of Tarain was fought in 1192 A.D.
➮ This battle is regarded as one of the turning points in Indian History.
➮ Prithviraj Chauhan escaped but was captured near Saraswati.
➮ After Tarain Muhammad Ghori returned to Ghazni.
➮ Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti came with Muhammad Ghori from Afghanistan.
➮ He left the affairs in India in the hands of his trusted slave Qutubuddin Aibak.
➮ In 1194 A.D. Muhammad Ghori returned to India.
➮ The battle of Chandawar (1194 A.D.) was fought between Muhammad Ghori and Jaichandra.
➮ Jaichandra was defeated in the battle of Chandawar.
➮ The battles of Tarain and Chandawar laid the foundations of Turkish in India.